Variables and Properties

Description

Variables and Properties are similar things, they both "hold" values and objects. A variable is "private" meaning that only that script is aware of them, can set their contents, and get their contents. A Property is essentially a variable that other scripts can access, their contents can be set and get by a other scripts.

If a variable or property holds a numeric value, like an integer, get/set returns its value. If a variable or property holds an object, you can access that object's properties and functions. (This is analogous to a reference variable from the old scripting system.)

Declaring Variables

 float myFloat
 float myOtherFloat = 13.5

MyFloat starts at 0, myOtherFloat starts at 13.5 and can be set by scripting in it's own script, but nothing else.

Declaring Properties

Full Property

To define a property, you first write the type, then "property", then the name of the property. You then define two functions, a get which returns the property's value, and a set which takes a new value for the property. And then you cap it off with "EndProperty"

Example:

int myInt_Var = 0   ; Where the property's value is stored
int property myInt
  int function get()
    return myInt_Var
  endFunction
  function set(int value)
    myInt_Var = value
  endFunction
endProperty

If you leave out the get function, the property is write-only - other people can set the value, but no one can read it. The local script, of course, can read the actual variable the property works with. If you leave out the set function, the property is read-only - other people can see the value, but they can't change it. Again, the local script can always set the variable that the property returns.

You don't have to just have the property return and set the value like you see above - the functions could do anything. You could, for example, put some if statements in the set function to ensure that the value is never outside a certain range. Or you could even play an animation when a certain value is set. Heck, you don't have to actually have a variable at all - it could be a calculated value or a constant.

Example:

bool property Locked
  bool function get()
    return IsLocked()
  endFunction
  function set(bool value)
    Lock(value)
  endFunction
endProperty

The above property hides the Lock and IsLocked ObjectReference functions so that you can lock and unlock this object by simply setting Locked to true or false.

Example:

int myVar = 5
int property ReadOnly
  int function get()
    return myVar
  endFunction
endProperty

The above property is read-only. Scripts outside of this one cannot change the value, but the script itself can change the value of the variable.

Example:

int myVar = 5
int property WriteOnly
  function set(int value)
    if value >= 0
      myVar = value
    else
      myVar = 0
    endIf
  endFunction
endProperty

The above property is write-only. Scripts outside of this one cannot read the value. It also uses an if to make sure the value is never below 0.

Auto Properties

An auto property is one that writes the above get and set functions for you, behind the scenes. There are also some minor optimizations in the VM that speed up auto properties slightly. To make an auto property, simply omit the functions and endProperty and add "auto" to the end of the property definition. You can set the property's initial value using the "= <value>" syntax.

Example:

int property myInt = 5 auto

Auto Read-only Properties

An auto read-only property is an auto property that can never have its value changed. This can be convenient if certain numbers mean different things in your script and you want to use a name instead of a number to represent it. You specify these by using "AutoReadOnly" instead of "Auto". These properties must have their initial value set using "= <value>" syntax.

Example:

int property myReadOnlyInt = 20 autoReadOnly

Conditional Properties

Properties cannot be declared as conditional. Auto properties can be defined as conditional because what they actually do is define the hidden variable they create as conditional. This is why you see mangled auto property names when you select a Papyrus variable in the condition system - you're selecting from a list of hidden variables.

Example:

int property myVar auto conditional

More information on the conditional keyword can be found in the Papyrus Introduction

Getting Properties of a quest script

From result script owned by the same quest

Often you will need to get a property of a quest script, and use it in a result script somewhere else. This is one of the more tricky things, but once you understand what's happening, it makes sense. First look at the example, then we'll describe what's happening.

 ;I have a quest script with this in it:
 scriptName MQ01Script extends Quest
 int property deadCount auto 

 ;I have a result script (OWNED by MQ01) with this in it:
 MQ01Script myQuest                        ;declares a variable "myQuest" which is a TYPE of MQ01Script
 myQuest = GetOwningQuest() as MQ01Script  ;sets the myQuest variable to it's owning quest as the type MQ01Script
 float myDeadCount                         ;declaring the variable "myDeadCount" 
 myDeadCount = myQuest.deadCount           ;setting local variable to be the quest's property value
 ;you can also set the quest property thusly:
 myQuest.deadCount = 10

What's happening here is that we have a property "deadCount" that is in the script "MQ01Script" attached to MQ01. We also have a script that is owned by MQ01 (could be dialogue result, package result, or script attached to an alias).

In the result script, we create a variable that represents the quest script that has the property we want (in this case MQ01Script's "DeadCount" property). Note our variable myQuest is declare as MQ01Script. This is because when we made our quest script "scriptName MQ01Script extends Quest" we've essentially created a new type of object... a MQ01Script object. GetOwningQuest returns a quest object (before we extended it). So we also need to cast the quest returned by GetOwningQuest AS that new object "myQuest = GetOwningQuest() as MQ01Script" so we have access to it's extended properties. If we didn't cast it as a MQ01Script it would only have the functions and properties of a Quest object, which wouldn't contain our deadCount property.

In otherwords, when we created MQ01Script which extended the Quest script, unless we cast the object returned by GetOwningQuest AS our new script, it won't have our new properties declared in our new script.

With kmyQuest

If the fragment you are using has a "kmyquest" drop down, you can select a script attached to the quest owning that fragment, and then use the kmyQuest "magic variable" to refer to quest script without casting it.

the above would be simplified to just:

 float myDeadCount
 myDeadCount = kmyQuest.deadCount ;getting property
 kmyQuest.deadCount = 5 ;setting property

From a non-owned fragment / other quest script

Need to write this... basic gist: You need to define a property in your script (and set it through the editor interface to be the other quest whose properties you want access to), then you can access that property's properties. In other words, your script has a property of the other quest; then you access that property's properties.

Evernewjoy

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Accessing a Script's Variables From Another Script

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Here are the steps to using a variable from one script in another script, please note the script could be of any type, not just a quest script.

1. Define the variable you want to pass to other scripts as a property as explained above.

Here is a full script containing a property / publicly-available variable

Scriptname RamaJRMasterScript extends ObjectReference

;this value is private to the script and cannot be
;accessed
int hiddenInt = 144 ;initialized value

;the name of the property/var you want to use in
;other scripts, which is just a wrapper for the
;hidden var

int property publicInt
	int function get()
		return hiddenInt
	endFunction

	function set(int value)
		hiddenInt = value
 	endFunction
endProperty

(code above was essentially copied from earlier in this article, but this is a complete running script)

2. In the other script, where you want to access the variable from the script above, you must define the following:

A. the script that contains the variable you want to access, you must define the script as a property, note that the type of the property is the name of the script that contains the variable you want.

B. a variable that is going to be used to refer to the script property in A (above)

Here is a working script with some especially important lines emphasized.

Note that the message used in this script must be created by you if you want to use this script example, use the %.0f twice in your message to accommodate the two variables I am passing. I pass one variable just so you have a way to know your message itself is working properly:

Scriptname RamaWorkingSCRIPT extends ObjectReference  

;you must set these "property" values outside this
;script.
;see number 3 in article (below)

message property msg auto


;***
RamaJRMasterScript property masterScript auto
RamaJRMasterScript scriptVar
;***

;the scriptVar above is very important because you
;cannot directly access a property script, you must
;use a variable that is private to this script.


bool done = false ;ensures switch runs only once
int test = 2

;any event could be used here, like onTriggerEnter,
;make a trigger volume in the editor and attach
;this script to it and use onTriggerEnter for
;easy testing

;this example works with an activator of some kind
;like a button or door

EVENT onActivate (objectReference triggerRef)

if (!done)

   ;only run if player is the one activating this
   ;object
   if(triggerRef == game.getplayer()) 
       done = true  ;makes button run only once
	
		
;--- External Variable Script Section Begins

;***
scriptVar = masterScript
;***

;this line above is VERY important, you have to
;set the script var within the script itself,
;to the script-as-a-property that contains the
;the variable you want to access

scriptVar.publicInt += 1

;you can now manipulate the other script's hidden
;var via its public property name and functions,
;using the scriptVar

msg.show(scriptVar.publicInt,test)

;a sample message to prove you have accessed the
;other script correctly, should get a value of 145
;for the script var when it is first displayed
		
   endif
endif

endEVENT

3. Final steps, setting the properties

You must have an object in the game world / your dungeon / cell for each script.

You need an instance of the script that has your variable that you want, in this case RamaJRMasterScript.

You need this even if the script is just a variable storage device / reservoir

A. Once you create the object, could be an activator of any kind or an actor, or anything really, attach the RamaJRMasterScript script.

B. Name this object something clear, like "sampleReferenceWithScriptInstance"

C. Now make the switch object, I used a dwarven button, you can use any activator you want.

D. Now attach the script RamaWorkingSCRIPT to the button/activator.

E. Now set the properties of the button/activator:

msg = your sample message that you create that contains two %.0f for use with the variables

masterScript = point this to the INSTANCE/Object of the script that you have, the name will appear as the fancy name you created above.

Plus it is very likely to be the only option the list

Things to Remember

If you do not make an instance of the script that contains the variable you want to access, you cannot use the variable, you must have an object with the variable-reservoir script attached to itself.

And remember to set the scriptVar to the script-as-a-property, the highlighted line in the script itself.

If you follow all these steps you will now be able to access and modify variables from one script in another script.

Example uses:

1. keeping track of a total of enemies killed, where each enemy has a death script to increment a value in a master script

2. keeping track of number of switches activated, where each switch increments a master script variable

3. basically infinity different very important and wonderful things, hee hee!

♥

Rama

PS: Infinite ♥ and thank you's to our friends at Bethesda for giving us such an awesome game as Skyrim and such an beautiful editor as the Creation Kit!

The Creation Kit is incredibly stable, robust, and a joy to use.

Thank you!

End Evernewjoy

Warnings

Be careful with variables and auto properties on scripts that are extended by other scripts - especially where some script somewhere else may have a property pointing to the base script, or trying to cast to the base script. This is because it would be possible to have two copies of a script attached to the same object, thereby creating two copies of the variable/auto property - and the other scripts that refer to the base script may randomly pick which one to talk to.

This is doubly-true of scripts with native functions, as the game can attach these to in-game objects at any time if it needs to, thereby creating another copy of the variable or auto property.

Notes

• The list of properties in properties dialog is only updated after adding a new property or after compiling the script with the build-in editor.

See Also

• Property Reference